The world economy

Notes on Guns Germs and Steel

• spanish conqistisdors have been trying to expanding in search for gold leader by Fransico
• they were at the end of the inca empire
• bassario conquered the inca empire who started out as a peasant
• agriculture => gave people the best crops, agriculture is what trigger the creation of civilizations
• livestock => more food => more complex societies
• new world had no work animals
• horses gave Europeans the advantages
• horses were exotic to Incas
• Incas wanted to be kind to the spanarids, it was lke a physcological game
• incas saw them as they are superior and that they could not harm the Incas
• guns were just so terrifying to the Incas
• Incas were just not advanced enough
• rapier - swords that was used to wore in their clothing; sword was a symbol of aspiring greed
• incas wanted the spanarids to pay with their lives
• aztecs were conquered when the leader was kidnapped and causing it to go into chaos
• the story was published and it influence many other spanish conquisttier, model of fighiting
• first language was the cunieform
• printing press
• the whole crowd burst into attacks whey spanards kill most of the people
• the decensendent of the sun god was captured;
• smallpox is spreading; infectious diseases were spreading
• incas didnt get diseases where the was no significant exchange of diseases
• mayan script had a witten script for it did not spread
• journey from north to south was be difficult compareing from going to east and wests
• incas was unarmedl allah is overly confident

The West's First Outreach
MI: European's curiosity grew with the Crusades and the Mongols presence causing them to go explore.

• Europeans thought the world was flat believing they would fall off the face of the Earth
• fear of expansions from the Easy cause Europeans to go towards the Atlantic

New Technology: A key to power
MI: Europeans were increasing in military knowledge with better weapons and skills.

• the use of navigational items, advancing in guns and swords
• advantage was use to help push Western Europe

Portugal and Spain lead the pack
MI: The Spanish and the Portuguese were setting out a series of expeditions along Africa to get the China for goods.

• around 15th century, Portuguese sailors got around the Cape of Good hope to find India for goods
• however from that same trip, sailors for tired and sailed back
• after Christopher Columbus trip from the New World it influence them to travel back to India
• under Vasco da Gama's fleet they mistake the Indians for Chinese but they did came back with goods however other forces that came back use guns to intimate the Indian merchants
• this influence more voyages to the India ocean where one expedition led for an accidentally trip to Brazil => Spice production, trade
• Columbus was sent to Prison when he thought he went to "India"
• Ferdinand Magellan set sail westward to 1519, around South America

Northern European Expeditions
MI: Countries in European are not constantly fighting for dominance in the seas.

• the Dutch and the British improved the creations of ships
• English explorers were trying to find routes to China along the Arctic but they found North America => colonizations in the Americas
• French founded the areas around Canada
• Dutch East India Company - Netherlands, Britain, France all combined in trade ; creation of a monopoly
• British East India Company - Britain & India combining for trade of tea
• traveling by ships => hardships

Toward a World economy
MI: With the increase spread of trade, it led the increase spread of diseases and new products.

• smallpox spread that wide up a large population for the West Indies
• the Chinese took up corn and sweet potatoes farming
• during the 17th century China had a long-term population pressure
• corn began part of the African's diet where French fries were being sold in Paris by 1680s
• domestic livestock was introduced to the newer parts of the world

The West's commercial Outreach
MI: Even though Europeans were flourishing in trade, international trade did not end for the Muslims and Asian countires.

• battle of Lepanto was the battle to fight the Muslims to gain back the Spanish land where Spanish defeated the navy of theOttoman Empire
• network of secure habors wre being use that increase trade and profit; Europeans would take harbors and put them to their use
• Europeans way of taking harbors influence other empires do do the same with trae

Imbalances in World Trade
MI: Countries in Europe were actively fighting for trade and wealth where England, France, Holland had a more stable economy compared to Spain.

• core nations - the new world supplies would be used to supply their growing economy
• mercantilism where the nation would not import goods but always have exports going out => tax polities were not use on colonial areas and stimulated home based manufacturing
• areas would produced crops that could make money but cheap to make
• slave trade came into place where people for sub-Saharan Africa where taken away from their homes to become slaves

A system of International Inequality
MI: As the new trade led to better trade with nations, it caused inequalities among the people of the society.

• European nations depended on cheap labor from slaves or peasants forced into labor
• areas in Europe would flourish were in Latin America and Africa people were being taken into slavery
• wealth of the nation however did not stimulate any economic advancements

How much World in the World Economy?
MI: In the period of the World Economy, it was only the Europeans that would flourish where China, Japan, Russia tend to say isolated.

• China tried to stay isolated from the Europeans but continue to export goods to them, the Chinese did not try to keep up with the newest technologies and developments
• Japan at first had contact with the Europeans and traded with them but with the fear of guns, it contributed to the period of isolation they went into
• India was sell goods in return for silver
• Russia would trade with nomads and in Africa it was only the slaves that was needed

The Expansionist Trend
MI: Trade was the growing relationships between nations and it would constantly change as time went by.

• Britain were putting tariffs on import of cotton so it would protect their own cotton production
• India still have a strong going internal trade
• Around Eastern Europe grow into an area of large peasant work

Remaining half of the chapter -